Copyright holder: Tyndale University, 3377 Bayview Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M2M 3S4 Att.: Library Director, J. William Horsey Library Copyright: This Work has been made available by the authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research and may not be copied or reproduced except as permitted by the copyright laws of Canada without the written authority from the copyright owner. Copyright license: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License Citation: Stiller, Brian C., Todd M. Johnson, Karen Stiller and Mark Hutchinson (eds.). Evangelicals around the World: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2015. ***** Begin Content ****** TYNDALE UNIVERSITY 3377 Bayview Avenue Toronto, ON M2M 3S4 TEL: 416.226.6620 www.tyndale.ca Note: This Work has been made available by the authority of the copyright owner solely for the purpose of private study and research and may not be copied or reproduced except as permitted by the copyright laws of Canada without the written authority from the copyright owner. Stiller, Brian C., Todd M. Johnson, Karen Stiller and Mark Hutchinson (eds.). Evangelicals around the World: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2015. [ Citation Page ] Editors: BRIAN C. STILLER, TODD M. JOHNSON, KAREN STILLER, MARK HUTCHINSON EVANGELICALS AROUND THE WORLD A GLOBAL HANDBOOK FOR THE 21ST CENTURY [ Title Page ] Evangelicals Around the World © 2015 by The World Evangelical Alliance All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, scanning, or other—except for brief quotations in critical reviews or articles, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published in Nashville, Tennessee, by Thomas Nelson. Thomas Nelson is a registered trademark of HarperCollins Christian Publishing, Inc. Thomas Nelson titles may be purchased in bulk for educational, business, fund-raising, or sales promotional use. For information, please e-mail SpecialMarkets@ThomasNelson.com. Scripture quotations unless marked otherwise are from THE NEW KING JAMES VERSION. © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations marked GNT are from THE GOOD NEWS TRANSLATION. © 1976,1992 by The American Bible Society. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations marked NRSV are from the NEW REVISED STANDARD VERSION of the Bible. © 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations marked KJV are from the King James Version. Scripture quotations marked NIV are taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV®. Copyright © 1973,1978,1984,2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide, www.zondervan.com. Scripture quotations marked ESVare taken from THE ENGLISH STANDARD VERSION. © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. Scripture quotations marked ISVare taken from the International Standard Version, copyright © 1995-2014 by ISV Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INTERNATIONALLY. Used by permission of Davidson Press, LLC. ' Scripture quotations marked NASB are taken from the New American Standard Bible. Copyright © 1960,1962,1963, 1968,1971,1972,1973,1975,1977,1995 by The Lockman Foundation. ISBN 978-1-4016-7853-1 Printed in China 15 16 17 18 19 20DSC6543 2 1 [ Title Page Verso ] CONTENTS Foreword to a Massive Undertaking by Brian C. Stiller .... 5 A Warm Thank-You to Benefactors and Sponsors by Brian C. Stiller .... 6 An Introduction to The World Evangelical Alliance by Brian C. Stiller .... 8 200 Events in Evangelical History by Albert W. Hickman .... 10 Who Are Evangelicals? A History by John Wolffe .... 25 Demographics of Global Evangelicalism by Gina A. Zurlo .... 34 What Evangelicals Believe by C. Rosalee Velloso Ewell .... 48 Evangelicals in Mainline Denominations by John Bowen .... 53 Evangelicals and the Lausanne Movement by Rose Dowsett .... 58 Evangelicals and Ecumenism by Rolf Hille .... 63 Evangelicals and Roman Catholics by Timothy George .... 68 Evangelicals and Other Religions by Miriam Adeney .... 72 Evangelicals and Missions by Allan Yeh .... 81 Pentecostals: Their Rise and Role in the Evangelical Community by Allan Heaton Anderson .... 90 Evangelicals and Evangelism by Frances S. Adeney .... 98 Evangelicals and Prayer by Molly Wall .... 104 Evangelicals and Gender by Aida Besançon Spencer .... 112 Evangelicals and Religious Liberty by Godfrey Yogarajah and Roshini Wickremesinhe .... 120 Evangelicals and Social Justice by Ron Sider .... 128 Evangelicals and Politics by Tim Costello .... 136 Evangelicals in the City by Ash Barker 146 Evangelical Engagement with Ethnodoxology by Robin P. Harris .... 155 Evangelicals and the Arts by John Franklin .... 162 Evangelicals and Theological Education by Riad Kassis .... 170 Evangelicals and the Marketplace by R. Paul Stevens .... 175 Evangelicals and Science by Harry Lee Poe .... 182 Evangelicals and Environmental Stewardship by Ken Gnanakan .... 188 Evangelicals in the Middle East by WafikWahba .... 194 Evangelicals and BibleTranslation by Roy Peterson and Gilles Gravelle .... 199 [ Page ] 3 The Challenge of Evangelical Diversity by Rose Dowsett .... 204 The Story of the World Evangelical Alliance by Ian Randall .... 210 The Future of the Evangelical Movement by Paul Joshua Bhakiaraj .... 218 Evangelicals You Would Want to Know by Albert W. Hickman .... 227 Introduction to Regional Essays by Mark Hutchinson .... 233 Introduction to Ministry Profiles by Debra Fieguth .... 234 Introduction to Regional Graphics by Gina A. Zurlo .... 234 Africa .... 235 Evangelicals in Eastern Africa by Girma Bekele .... 238 Evangelicals in Northern Africa and Egypt by Duane Alexander Miller .... 248 Evangelicals in Southern Africa by John Charles Kerr .... 255 Evangelicals in Western Africa by Mark Hutchinson .... 265 Latin America .... 281 Evangelicals in Central America and the Caribbean by Stephen C. Dove .... 284 Evangelicals in Latin America by Pablo A. Deiros .... 290 North America .... 301 Evangelicals in North America by Larry Eskridge .... 303 Asia .... 315 Evangelicals in Russia and Central Asia by William Yoder .... 318 Evangelicals in Eastern Asia by XiyiYao .... 326 Evangelicals in Southern Asia by Wessly Lukose .... 335 Evangelicals in Southeast Asia by Violet James .... 344 Evangelicals in Western Asia by Azar Ajaj .... 353 Europe .... 361 Evangelicals in Eastern Europe by Scott Klingsmith .... 364 Evangelicals in Northern Europe by Mark Hutchinson .... 372 Evangelicals in Southern Europe by Mark Hutchinson .... 378 Evangelicals in Western Europe by Mark Hutchinson .... 385 Oceania .... 395 Evangelicals in Australia and New Zealand by Mark Hutchinson .... 397 Evangelicals in Melanesia & Micronesia by Mark Hutchinson .... 404 Evangelicals in Polynesia by Peter Lineham .... 411 Contributors .... 416 [ Page ] 4 FOREWORD TO A MASSIVE UNDERTAKING It is no small challenge to define and outline the life and history of any of the three major Christian communities in the world. Evangelicals, who some estimate make up 600 million of Christians around the world, Roman Catholics who are estimated at 1.2 billion and the World Council of Churches (including Orthodox Churches) numbered at 550 million—are all varied in history and their make up. Evangelicals Around the World: A Global Handbook for the 21st Century attempts to blaze a trail: to set out to provide definition as to who Evangelicals are. Over the past decades many others have defined our particular community in its various forms. Our team decided it was time to provide our own definition. As the Evangelical community has grown, especially in the past few decades, its influence in some places is significant, and in other countries and regions, Evangelical influence is much smaller. This book is a beginning. It is an imperfect book for an imperfect community. Each of us will find articles or data with which we may not agree. There will be places, people, and events that you would have included that we did not. As we outlined the book, we consulted far and wide. With our finite amount of space, we chose how much we could devote to various topics. Our team then asked scholars and practicioners around the world—those researchers and writers with specialized knowledge—to put their fingers to the keyboard. It was not a simple task to match the right writer with the best topic. Each writer presents his or her own understanding of what are often complex subjects, full of nuance and potential debate. You won't be surprised to learn that the editorial committee doesn't always agree with everything written. Such is the reality of a complex community. We stand by the integrity of the writer's scholarship, as they reflected on this wide and varied Christian community past, present, and future. We invite you to join the journey as this edition inevitably leads into a second edition. Please send your thoughts, suggestions, and additions to handbook@worldea.org. These will be used for future considerations. I'm grateful for my colleagues who served on the editorial team: Todd Johnson, as Associate Editor, Karen Stiller as Managing Editor, and Mark Hutchinson as Regions Editor. They poured their expertise and time into making this a reality. As well we are so thankful for others who served us at the very right times with their im- mense skills in writing, editing, and research: Debra Fieguth, Albert W. Hickman, and Rob Robotham. Please read through the list of contributing writers. Their time and effort made this a reality. Our heartfelt thanks to Alee Anderson and Frank Couch at Thomas Nelson for their hard work on this project. On the following page we note our thanks to those people, foundations, churches, and agencies that pro- vided the development funds to get this up and running. Your vision and support has made this a reality, and for you I again express my thanks. This book is about a part of Christ's church that is growing in new and wonderful and at times troubling ways. I noted it is imperfect, wrestling with issues and challenges which inevitably face those who have the te- merity to believe that Jesus Christ came to our world as God, dying and rising again so we might live eternally. May you thrill to the stories, histories, and issues, knowing that the Spirit of God is leading, empowering, and pouring into his people the very life of our risen Lord. When I am asked, "What is an Evangelical?" my answer is: "Enthusiastic Christians." That is, Christians who believe the Bible to be true, and that it is God's message of love and his plan for life, peace and reconciliation. Weare a community of Christians who want the world to know this very good news story. Brian C. Stiller, General Editor [ Page ] 5 A WARM THANK-YOU TO BENEFACTORS AND SPONSORS We wish to express our thanks to those whose vision and generosity provided the development funds to make this first-of-its-kind publication a reality. Benefactors First, the editorial team expresses its sincere thanks and appreciation to benefactors who invested con- siderable funds right from the beginning of this vision. In explaining the importance of this handbook, these families and individuals saw how important this publication would be to the fostering of understanding among the Evangelical community and the wider Christian community and beyond. They also saw the value it would have within the media, providing a single source for articles, documentaries, and publications. To these our friends and benefactors, on behalf of the World Evangelical Alliance, we offer our hearty, on- going thanks and appreciation. Herb and Erna Buller The Faile Family Foundation Timothy J. Hearn Arnold and Ruth Heron Paul and Heather Hogeboom Hugh and Sharon Little Archie and Kay McLean Ralph and Melanie Moulton Dr. Donald S. Reimer Brian and Ellen Relph Ian and Alice Van Norman Harry Voortman Prem Watsa [ Page ] 6 A WARM THANK-YOU TO BENEFACTORS AND SPONSORS Sponsors Our thanks go to you, the churches and organizations who saw the potential within this initiative to serve the body of Christ and provide information that often is obscure or hard to find. You understand the importance of others getting the facts straight. You are aware of how valuable it is for media to have information ready in the development of their material. As an editorial team and on behalf of our worldwide Christian community, we thank you for your vision and generosity. Bakerview Mennonite Brethren Church, Abbotsford, Canada Centre Street Church, Calgary, Canada Church on the Queensway, Toronto, Canada Evangel Church, Toronto, Canada Millwoods Assembly, Edmonton, Canada Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada Pentecostal Assemblies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada Toronto Chinese Community Church, Toronto, Canada World Vision Canada [ Page ] 7 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE WORLD EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE By Brian C. Stiller The World Evangelical Alliance (WEA) is the global association that serves six hundred million Evangelicals worldwide. In 1846 Christian leaders from ten countries met in London for the purpose of launching some- thing entirely new: an organization that would express unity among Christians who belonged to different churches. On the basis of a statement of faith and with the vision of Jesus' prayer for the unity of believers recorded in John 17, the WEA1 operated for more than one hundred years as an informal structure and platform for evangelical unity in prayer and action, holding regular conferences for fellowship and unity in different cities of Europe and in North America. Two world wars decimated hopes for greater unity. In 1951, some ninety-one men and women from twenty-one nations met in Holland as the International Convention of Evangeli- cals to reenvision the old Evangelical Alliance into a global fellowship. Renamed the World Evangelical Fellowship, it established this three- fold purpose: the furtherance of the gospel, the defense and confirmation of the gospel, and fellowship in the gospel (Phil. 1). Since then, the WEA has grown worldwide, with its international office located in the United Kingdom, Singapore, the Philippines, and now the United States. David Howard, WEA's International Director from 1982-92 pointedly titled his book The World Evangelical Fellowships Dream that Would Not Die. A growing membership, new partnerships, and newly established initiatives and task forces are core to the work of the WEA in its task to serve its worldwide constituency. Today the WEA is comprised of evangelical alliances in seven regions and 129 nations with 150 member organizations. WEA's spe- cialized commissions, initiatives, and task forces, together with global partner organizations, engage in areas ranging from mission, theol- ogy and religious liberty, to social justice issues including human trafficking, poverty, peace building, creation care, and nuclear weapons disarmament. The WEA's mission is threefold: • Representing over six hundred million Evangelicals worldwide, the WEA as a voice, speaks through its national alliances and regional offices. On the global stage the WEA speaks for the wider evangelical constituency to governments and media, raising awareness about religious liberty and human rights. The WEA serves to answer queries about Evangelicals and their vision and various ministries in the world from other religions, media, and students. Holding consultative status at the Economic and Social Council __________________ I.The WEA was called the World Evangelical Fellowship (WEF) until 2002 when its name was changed to the World Evan- gelical Alliance. [ Page ] 8 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE WORLD EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE (ECOSOC), the WEA is also present at the United Nations in New York and Geneva. Working together with its regional and national alliances and partner organizations, the WEA submits national human rights reports and engages in issues such as refugee crises, small arms disarmament, and conflict resolution. • The WEA equips its regional and national Evangelical Alliances to serve their communities through lead- ership and advocacy training, regular research and analysis reports on religious liberty situations, and theological, missiological, and practical books and publications that address critical issues that matter for the church today. • The WEA serves as a platform to connect globally minded organizations with regional and national alli- ances to foster partnerships and collaboration. It seeks to bring people together to address those chal- lenges that go beyond single countries and organizations and deliver practical outcomes to issues that are faced daily by pastors and leaders in local churches and communities worldwide. Led by and inspired by Jesus' call to unity (John 17), the WEA's overall vision and call is to foster under- standing and faith among its membership, so that the witness of Jesus Christ and Savior and Lord resonates throughout the world. "The world Evangelical family has expanded significantly during this last century, and this we receive as a gift from God. As we move into the future, let's keep in mind that our significance and faithfulness to our call depends on the willingness to stress and recover the principles of this jour- ney: solus Christus, sola gratia, sola scriptura, sola fide. It is all an effort to say Soli Deo Gloria." —Dr. Valdir Steuernagel, Pastor, Comunidade do Redentor, Brazilian Lutheran Church; Coordinator of the Evangelical Alliance of Brazil, World Vision International Theologian at Large [ Page ] 9 ***** This is the end of the e-text. This e-text was brought to you by Tyndale University, J. William Horsey Library - Tyndale Digital Collections *****